Common Latin Abbreviations
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Use small letters and periods for most abbreviations of Latin terms. Common Latin expression like those listed here are not normally underlined or italicized. They are usually used in bibliographies, footnotes, lists, and references.
In standard writing, use the English equivalent or write out the whole word.
They are usually underlined or italicized in formal references, notes, and bibliographies.
| Abbreviation | Equivalent |
| c., ca. | circa, about, around |
| e.g. | for example |
| et al. | et alii, and the others |
| etc. | et cetera and so on, note the spelling |
| et seq. | and the following (usually pages) |
| f. | and the next page |
| ff. | and the following pages |
| i.e. | id est, that is |
| N.B. | Nota Bene, note well (capitalize) |
| op. | opus, work (of art) |
| q.v. | which see |
| v. | see |
| v., vs. | versus |
| viz. | vidilicet, namely |
Correct: William Chaucer (c. 1343-1399)Incorrect: William Chaucer was born c. 1343.
(Standard sentence, not a reference--write out the word or use the English equivalent.)Correct: William Chaucer was born circa 1343.
Correct: William Chaucer was born about 1343.
